NEET NOTES 2022 SLIME MOULDS
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NEET Notes 2022 Slime Moulds
Consumer-Decomposer Protists (Slime Moulds):-
They possess the characters of both animals and fungi.
Slime Moulds:-
Slime Moulds are saprophytic protists. Anton De Bary (1887) related them to animals and called them Mycetozoa.
These are also named fungus animals because they share the common characters of both animals and are known as protistan fungi, and due to their protistian nature.
NEET Notes 2022 Slime Moulds
The general features of slime Moulds are discussed here (t) Slime Moulds are acellular and cellular types, about 600 species of slime Moulds are reported by biologists out of which 27 species are known from India.
(ii) They are found in moist terrestrial places rich in decaying organic food.
(iii) The body of slime Moulds is covered with mucilage having gelatinous consistency, they do not have chlorophyll.
(iv) They are surrounded by the plasma membrane. However, the spores have cellulosic cell walls.
(v) They show phagotrophic or saprotrophic nutrition.
(vi) Both sexual and asexual modes of reproduction occur.
(vii) They are like Protozoa in their amoeboid plasmodial stage and similar to true fungi in spore formation.
(viii) Acellular slime Moulds (plasmodial slime Moulds) are commonly found on dead and decaying plant matter. The cellular slime Moulds occur in all humus-containing upper layers of damp soil. When the food supply is shorter or conditions are not favorable, the amoeboid cells form aggregate without any fusion.
This aggregated mass is called pseudo plasmodium. Examples of cellular slime Moulds are Dictyostelium and polysphondylium.
(ix) Plasmodium is the free-living thalloid body of the acellular slime Moulds. It is the wall-less mass of multinucleate protoplasm covered by a slime layer. During unfavorable conditions, the Plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips. While during favorable conditions, Plasmodium can spread over several feet.
(x) Slime Moulds are beneficial as they cause the decomposition of organic matter in the soil.
NEET Notes 2022 Slime Moulds
Quiz Questions 2022
- The total number of essential vitamins required for the proper functions of the human body is:-
Ans: – 13
- Which of the following vitamins cannot be produced by our body?
Ans: – Vit. A, B, and C
- Which of the following minerals controls growth and body weight?
Ans: – Iodine
- Which of the following vitamins is called water-soluble vitamins?
Ans: Vitamin C.
- Which are the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure?
Ans: – Sodium
- Which of the following are examples of macro minerals?
Ans: – Sodium, calcium, chloride
- Excessive intake of calcium in our diet results in?
Ans: – Kidney stones.
- Which of the following vitamins is called fat-soluble vitamins?
Ans: Vitamin E.
- Onions, Broccoli, fresh fruits, milks eggs, iodized salt are good sources of
Ans: – Sodium and Iodine
- Passion fruit and pomegranate are rich in which mineral?
Ans: – Phosphorous
NEET Notes 2022 Slime Moulds
The Leaf
The leaf is a lateral, generally Battened structure borne on the stem. It develops at the node and bears a bud in its axil. The axillary bud later develops into a branch. Leaves originate from shoot apical meristems and are arranged in an acropetal order. They are the most important vegetative organs for photosynthesis.
Parts of a Leaf
The leaves also consist of two lateral outgrowths called stipules at their bases.
A typical leaf has three main parts.
- Leaf Base (Hypopodium)
The leaf is attached to the stem by the leaf base. Monocots, the leaf base is said to be sheathing as it expands and partially and wholly surrounds the stem. In dicots, the leaf base bears two lateral outgrowths called stipules.
In some leguminous plants, the leaf base may become swollen which is called the pulvinus. Leaves with stipules are called stipulate and those without them are termed as exstipulate.
NEET Notes 2022 Slime Moulds
- Petiole (Mesopodium)
It is the stalk of a leaf. Petiole help hold the leaf blade towards the light. Petiole raises the lamina high to the level of the stem so as to provide maximum required exposure to light and air.
iii. Lamina (Epipodium)
The lamina or leaf blade is the green, expanded part of the leaf with veins and veinlets. It has a prominent median vein called the midrib. It produces thinner lateral veins which in turn branch to form veinlets.
The lamina is the seat of photosynthesis, gaseous exchange, transpiration, and other metabolic activities. The shape, margin, apex, surface, and extent of invasion of lamina vary in different leaves.
